Aeshna isoceles likes flowers of the Water Soldier

The English name is Norfolk Hawker, because in the UK the species can only be found in Norfolk. The name Green-eyed Hawker had been proposed, and that makes more sense, because the species is present in many countries outside of the UK. Aeshna isoceles is particularly common around where I live. I have spotted it several times even in city parks. But I had never seen this species ovipositing before.

Is it rare to spot oviposition of Aeshna isoceles? I did a quick check on waarneming.nl. For the Norfolk Hawker less than 1% of the observations was oviposition, as compared with more than 2% for Aeshna grandis and more than 5% for Anax imperator. So maybe it isn't very rare, but it seems to be less common.

This time I was lucky. It was at the beginning of the evening, around 18:45. Maybe the evening is a good time for oviposition, because the males are less active and so less likely to disturb the ovipositing females.

But anyway, I was there, and she was there. She picked a place for oviposition that was only 20 centimeters or so from the water side, allowing me to make this photo.



The most interesting part however is still to come. While I was watching this female fly around, I noticed that she was particularly interested in the flowers of the Water Soldier (Stratiotes aloides). Not the leaves, but the flowers. She was flying from flower to flower. One of the was unreachable for her, because the leaves around it left not enough space for her wings. She tried, but could not get to it. As can be seen on the photo, the flower is where she wanted to lay her eggs.

Of course this is just a single observation. I did a search on internet and found that the wikipedia article on the Norfolk Hawker shows photos of ovipostion on Water Soldier leaves. Another photo elsewhere (here) showed oviposition on a flower. And on a forum somebody said that oviposition of Aeshna isoceles on the Water Soldier isn't always, but quite often on flowers.

By the way, it is good to know that Aeshna isoceles seems strictly dependent on Water Soldier in the UK, but not elsewhere. In the Netherlands it seems to prefer Water Soldier, but does not depend on it.

Collective odonata mapping on the web

There are a couple of sites on internet where people can add their odonata sightings on a map. That is quite interesting, because if enough people participate, it results in distribution maps of species.

It not easy to find such sites, even when they are big, but maybe I do not use the right search terms. Here is a list of sites which I know of. If you know more, please let me know (for example add a comment).

Personally I make use of a Dutch site at http://waarneming.nl. The code of this site is used in Belgium at http://waarnemingen.be, and even in a worldwide variant at http://observado.org. These sites are not only meant for dragonflies, but for basically all groups of organisms. It is most active for bird sightings.
The generated maps in the worldwide variant includes the sightings from the Dutch and Belgian variants. The worldwide variant seems to be in use mainly by people from the Netherlands and Belgium, recording their sightings when on holiday. For odonata it generates maps like this (for Aeshna mixta). As you can see it makes use of Google Maps. See for the actual map on the site here. Evidently most sightings come from the Dutch and the Belgian database.

There is another Dutch site at http://www.telmee.nl. I am not sure how much these sites are in competition. What I read is that they do exchange entered sightings (if the observer agrees), but that the exchange process could be better.

All sites above are offered in different languages.

In Denmark there is http://www.fugleognatur.dk. My Danish isn't very good, and I do not see an option to change the language. To get to the dragonfly section, click the link Naturbasen and then in the dropdown with the text "Vælg artsgruppe", pick "Guldsmede" (which is the Danish word for dragonflies). That gives the recent sightings. The odonata species list is at Artslister -> Guldsmede. Each species has some information, including a map of the sightings.

In Germany I am aware of two sites: http://www.naturgucker.de (which does all organisms - including odonata - and has some European-wide pretentions) and there is a dragonfly mapping project at www.science4you.org, called Libellen Europas.

For Sweden there is a dragonfly mapping project at artportalen.se, with an odonata species list + map.

Then for North-America there is http://www.odonatacentral.org. Well, actually also this has world-wide pretentions, but the searching on the map for Aeshna mixta, currently shows just 2 records, both in the UK. But it seems that there are many records for North-American species.

I guess I should end with some conclusion or recommendation, but I have none. It is nice to see that things are working more or less. And of course one can dream of about a world-wide united database. But user-entered data also need to be checked. And nobody is going to check user-entered sightings on a world-wide scale. On a smaller scale, there are experts who know what to expect, which data are impossible or improbable. For that reason, a small-scale (national) approach seems necessary to me. And if the checked sightings in the different databases can be exchanged between national initiatives, that would be great.

Banded Demoiselles in the city of Utrecht

A few years ago (in 2006), during a small walk in my neighborhood, I saw a blue-winged damselfly sitting on a fence. And although I was not so much into odonata at the time, I knew what it was: a Banded Demoiselle (Calopteryx splendens). During the next days I bought a DSLR camera and in the following months I devoted much of my spare time at that small canal ("gracht" in Dutch), trying to photograph these Damselflies at the spot. There were many of them. Once I counted over 50 males.

And the end of the season I had many photos and organized a small exhibition at a local environmental centre, also to show the inhabitants at the canal what I had been doing in their area all year.

It surprised me most that these lived here in the middle of a city. I learned from the inhabitants there, that the Banded Demoiselles had been there at least for a couple of years. From other sources I learned that, after a vast decline, the Banded Demoiselle has been slowly progressing along the Kromme Rijn river since the 1980's, and that it had been spotted at several places in the city.

Since then I have been looking for odonata at other sites near (and sometimes in) Utrecht. But of course every year I also take a look at this city population of Banded Demoiselles. Untill now they are there every year, although not in such large numbers as in 2006. Usually I count maximally 10 or 20 individuals. And I still make some photos of them. Like the one below, which I made yesterday.

Sympecma fusca, surviving in the winter

The Common Winter Damselfly (Sympecma fusca) hibernates as an adult. Yesterday I took the challenge to find some of them. It turns out that I am a lousy searcher. On the location which I suggested myself, some others went looking and found multiple individuals. One person exactly described the branch where one could be found. That is the only one I was able to find. But I made some nice photos.

Late sightings of Erythromma najas

The Red-eyed Damselfly (Erythromma najas) is a species of early summer, adults are mainly seen in late May and June.



Sightings in other months are not uncommon. Last year (2007), on the Dutch site waarneming.nl sightings were reported from April 17. This year (2008) the first sighting was reported there on May 3.

But what about late sightings? Sightings in July and to a lesser extend August are not uncommon, although the number of sighted individuals declines. Personally I could report only a single imago in August this year and none in September. At the end of September somebody reported multiple individuals in an area quite close to where I have been watching dragonflies this year. Interesting information was that the number of individuals seemed to have slightly increased as compared with the previous weeks. These late Red-eyed Damselflies were not worn-out old individuals, they must have been emerged quite recently.

But even while paying extra attention to this species, "my" area looked still void of Red-eyed Damselflies. On October 11, I did some effort to get into the area of the reported sightings (it is private property and I don't want to enter that without permission). And yes, I was happy to spot one male. Although I did not succeed in taking a photo, it was exciting. But is it really that rare? Although most sites do not mention Erythromma najas as a species flying in October, British Insects (Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J.) says that "adults are on the wing from early May to early October.

It leaves us with some questions. It is not totally clear if this species has a one-year or two-year development cycle. Maybe it does not have a clearly defined seasonal cycle. The species is listed as a "trans-seasonal" species with an "asynchronous emergence" in some studies. I could not find a clear definition of these terms (so help me out if you can). So far I understand that although there is a clear seasonal peak, the species can get through the winter in different stages of development.

Also it seems that data from the UK show that in response to global warming, Erythromma najas is expanding its flight season in both directions: it is found both earlier and later in the season than in previous times. If global warming continues, we can probably expect more October sightings.

Links

Historical changes in the phenology of British Odonata are related to climate (PDF)

Flight seasonality of dragonflies (insecta, odonata) in Northeastern Ukraine (PDF)

Some dragonflies in the Bohemian Paradise

Last August (2008), I visited the Bohemian Paradise (Czech Republic). It was just for a holiday, not for a research project. On some days I have taken my camera and went searching for dragonflies. Here's a partly illustrated list of what I found.

Aeshna cyanea

At several places I found the Southern Hawker (Aeshna cyanea). A small pond in the area of the Prachovský skály was full of them. Several patrolling males and a freshly emerged female.

Sympetrum sanguineum

The Ruddy Darter (Sympetrum sanguineum) seems to be the most common Sympetrum species. I saw this species at many locations, including oviposition. The most common Sympetrum species in the Netherlands are S. vulgatum and S. striolatum - although the situation is of course dependent of the location.

Somatochlora metallica

The Brilliant Emerald (Somatochlora metallica) is one of the species which still misses on my species list for the Netherlands. This one is photographed at the Sedmihorky pond.

Aeshna mixta

The Migrant Hawker (Aeshna mixta) is very common in the area.

Ischnura pumilio


There was a population of the Small Bluetail (Ischnura pumilio) at the edge of a pond with the name Komárovský rybník. This is another species which lacks on my list for the Netherlands. I was happy to photograph both male and female.

Ischnura elegans

The Blue-tailed Damselfly (Ischnura elegans) is a common species in the area.

More species
Some other species of which I did not take a decent photo.

• Lestes viridis
• Orthetrum cancellatum
• Aeshna grandis
• Sympetrum vulgatum
• Calopteryx virgo, still missing on my list for the Netherlands as well.
• Calopteryx splendens

My odonata report for 2008 (Netherlands)

Now that the autumn has definitely arrived, it is time for a quick look back to my odonata observations of this year. It was my second dragonfly-year, I only started observing and photographing dragonflies in 2007.

My main observation area was a semi-natural park just north of Utrecht (Netherlands) and my aim was not only to get an impression of the abundance of odonata species there, but also to make photos of each species. But I also looked a bit in other places.

Winter Damselfly in February
First thing that happened in 2008 was that I found a some Winter Damselflies (Sympecma fusca) on a location where they get through the winter. I was inspired to search them, when I read messages on a forum by people who had been finding them in relatively dry forest/heather fields. After looking on a map for suitable locations, I was happy to find about 10 adult Winter Damselfies on a sunny February day.

Noorderpark
My main observation area for 2008 was in the Noorderpark (also often called Gagelpolder). I concentrated on the area near the Ruigenhoek Fortress, but sometimes I looked in other parts of the area too. Throughout the year, I counted 25 different species in the Ruigenhoek area and one additional species from another part of the park. Here is the list of species, with some remarks. The date refers to the first sighting.

Sympecma fusca, oviposition

Brachytron pratense

Aeshna isoceles

Libellula quadrimaculata

Anax imperator, female

Crocothemis erythraea, female

Lestes viridis

Sympetrum vulgatum

• Pyrrhosoma nymphula (April 21). Quite a common species in the area.
• Coenagrion pulchellum (April 26). The most abundant species in early spring.
• Sympecma fusca (April 26). The Noorderpark is one of the few known locations near Utrecht where this species reproduces.
• Ischnura elegans (May 2). This species is very common everywhere, no surprise.
• Erythromma najas (May 3). Also common in the area and reproducing. In an area close by, fresh individuals have been observed in late autumn. But I have not seen any late individuals in the Noorderpark.
• Brachytron pratense (May 3). The first anisoptera species at the location. Some exuviae indicated reproduction.
• Libellula quadrimaculata (May 3). The most abundant anisoptera species in spring.
• Cordulia aenea (May 3). Reproduces at the location.
• Libellula depressa (May 10). Although a common species in the Netherlands, I only observed a few at this location. The location does not seem to provide the right habitat for this species.
• Orthetrum cancellatum (May 12). Very common, most abundant anisoptera species in the summer.
• Anax imperator (May 19). Easily recognized, in the summer there are always some around.
• Aeshna isoceles (May 19). Quite common at the location.
• Enallagma cyathigerum (June 2). Appeared quite late at this location, and although common since then even until September, I did not see the large numbers which can be found at other locations.
• Lestes sponsa (June 10). During the year I spotted only a few individuals, but they appeared fresh. Around Utrecht city this species is not very common, but it looks like a small population is present at this location.
• Sympetrum striolatum (June 10). Sometimes hard to tell apart from S. vulgatum. The latter species is very common at the location, but among them there are often one or a few S. striolatum individuals.
• Lestes viridis (June 22). Common species in late summer and early autumn.
• Sympetrum sanguineum (June 22). Always a few of them in summer.
• Aeshna grandis (June 22). Easily recognized. Oviposition observed more than once.
• Crocothemis erythraea (June 23). This species is still rare in the Netherlands although it is expected to become more common due to climate change. On two occasions I saw (and photographed) a female at the location.
• Sympetrum vulgatum (July 4). Most common species at the location in late summer and autumn. It is hard to estimate numbers, but it would not surprise me if would be hundreds.
• Erythromma viridulum (July 14). Enough of them in late summer, oviposition no exception.
• Sympetrum flaveolum (august 3). This year there was an influx of S. flaveolum into the Netherlands. Some individuals ended up in the Noorderpark.
  
• Aeshna mixta (August 6). Lots of them in late summer.
• Aeshna cyanea (September 9). The only species I did not succeed to photograph at the location.
  
• Sympetrum danae (September 11). There are some large populations not too far away, and it is not unexpected to have some individuals visit this location.
  

As I mentioned, there was one more species which I only found in another part of the Noorderpark. That was Aeshna viridis, a rare species in the Netherlands (and even in Europe). I was happy to make this flight photo.

New species on my list
Four of the species above were new on my personal life list for the Netherlands: Crocothemis erythraea, Erythromma viridulum, Sympetrum flaveolum and Aeshna viridis. On other locations I did add some more new species to that list: Leucorrhinia rubicunda, Leucorrhinia dubia, Platycnemis pennipes and Lestes virens. The total length of my species list for the Netherlands is now 34. That is only about half of the species listed for the Netherlands. But although I keep track of the species, I am not much of a species hunter, but concentrate on areas close by.